What three sub-fields make up the classical perspective?

The classical perspective in management is composed of three sub-fields that focus on improving organizational efficiency and productivity. These sub-fields are Scientific Management, which emphasizes the systematic study of tasks to improve worker efficiency; Bureaucratic Organizations, which highlight the importance of a structured hierarchy and standardized procedures for effective management; and Administrative Principles, which address the overall administrative practices necessary to maintain an effective organization.

Scientific Management is characterized by the application of scientific methods to determine the most efficient ways to perform tasks and enhance productivity. Bureaucratic Organizations lay out a clear organizational structure and delineate authority and responsibility, promoting a systematic approach to management. Administrative Principles focus on the overall management and the principles that guide organizations in achieving their goals.

The other options contain components that reflect modern or different perspectives in management, but they do not accurately describe the core elements that define the classical perspective. Thus, the three sub-fields of Scientific Management, Bureaucratic Organizations, and Administrative Principles together capture the essence of the classical perspective in management.