What approach relies on scientific research to develop theories about human behavior for practical management tools?

The Behavioral Science Approach is the correct answer as it emphasizes the application of scientific research and methods to understand human behavior within organizations, particularly how individuals and groups interact. This approach integrates insights from various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and anthropology to create theories that inform practical management tools and strategies. By focusing on empirical research, this approach allows managers to develop practices that enhance organizational effectiveness, increase employee motivation, and improve overall company culture.

In contrast, the Human Relations Movement focuses on the importance of human needs and interpersonal relationships in the workplace but does not specifically rely on scientific research or empirical data in the same way that the Behavioral Science Approach does. The Classical Perspective, which emerged earlier, is primarily concerned with improving organizational efficiency through principles of management and operational processes, rather than examining human behavior in depth. Lastly, the Humanistic Perspective highlights personal growth and fulfillment but also does not emphasize the scientific methodologies associated with the Behavioral Science Approach.